Authentication, Grading and Appraisal of Fine Books, Rare Documents, Autographs & Assets.

Extreme macro shot of 18th-century deckled paper grain under raking side-light, showcasing fiber texture and a faint watermark
Extreme macro shot of 18th-century deckled paper grain under raking side-light, showcasing fiber texture and a faint watermark
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BGA STANDARDS

Rare Book Grading

We establish the physical truth of antiquarian volumes through independent, blind bibliographical examinations and leaf-by-leaf forensic collation.

Close-up of a conservator using a high-precision linen tester magnifying glass over a hand-sewn leather binding
Close-up of a conservator using a high-precision linen tester magnifying glass over a hand-sewn leather binding
METHODOLOGY

The Collation Protocol

Our three-stage blind examination ensures absolute objectivity. No single inspector dictates a grade; every volume undergoes independent physical and historical analysis.

Leaf-by-Leaf Audit

We inspect every leaf, mapping the collation formula against recorded bibliographical variants. Every tear, repair, watermark, and marginal annotation is cataloged.

Forensic Analysis

Using spectrographic analysis and ultraviolet light, we detect hidden restorations, modern paper fills, and autograph alterations that escape standard visual inspection.

PRISTINE

100–95

FINE

94–90

NEAR FINE

89–85

VERY GOOD

84–75

GOOD

74–60

POOR

59–Below

BOOK GRADING AUTHORITY NUMERICAL SCALE

NOTE: AUTOGRAPHED ITEMS ARE NOT CALCULATED IN OVERALL BOOK CONDITION

NOTE: SIGNATURE VALUATION STANDARD IS EXAMINED AS AUTHENTIC OR INCONCLUSIVE

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SUBMISSIONS

Secure Archival Intake

Every submission is logged into our secure vault under continuous video surveillance. We accept shipments from private estates, auction houses, and registered antiquarian dealers globally.